Nuclear Calendar -- FCNL
| August 19, 2013 |
| Aug. 19 | 9:00 a.m., Chinese Defense Minister Gen. Chang Wanquan meets with Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel. Pentagon, Washington. |
| Aug. 19-30 | U.N. Open-ended Working Group on nuclear disarmament holds its third and final session of 2013. Geneva. |
| Aug. 26 | 9:00-10:30 a.m., Brad Roberts, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Missile Defense Policy, "Extended Deterrence and Strategic Stability in Northeast Asia." Stimson Center, 1111 19th St., NW, 12th Floor, Washington. RSVP online. |
| Aug. 27 | 1:30 p.m., former Sen. Dick Lugar (IN), "U.S. Foreign Policy Opportunities and Challenges." Baker Center, Toyota Auditorium, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1640 Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN. |
| Aug. 29 | International Day Against Nuclear Tests. |
| Aug. 30 | Noon-1:30 p.m., Ray Smith, historian, Y-12 National Security Complex, "Stories from the Secret City," Baker Center, Toyota Auditorium, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1640 Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN. RSVP online. |
| Sept. 2 | Labor Day (holiday). |
| Sept. 3 | PIR Center, “Nuclear Security Standards: Ahead of the Amsterdam Nuclear Industry Summit 2014 and Beyond,” international seminar. Moscow. |
| Sept. 4 | Rosh Hashanah begins at sundown. Through Sept. 6. |
| Sept. 5 | 10:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m., Vuk Jeremić, President of the U.N. General Assembly; Ban Ki-moon, U.N. Secretary-General; Asset Isekeshev, Kazakhstani Deputy Prime Minister; Angela Kane, U.S. Office for Disarmament Affairs; Martin Sajdik, Austrian Ambassador to the United Nations; Lassina Zerbo, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization; Geoffrey Shawl, International Atomic Energy Agency; and Andrew Kanter, Physicians for Social Responsibility, "The Path to Zero: The Role of the United Nations in Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation." United Nations, Trusteeship Council Chamber. Portions may be webcast on the United Nations website. |
| Sept. 5-6 | President Obama attends the G-20 summit. St. Petersburg, Russia. |
| Sept. 5-6 | Czech Foreign Ministry, "The Prague Agenda--Challenges and Prospects," with nine speakers. Czernin Palace, Czech Foreign Ministry, Prague. RSVP by Sept. 2 online or by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">email. |
| Sept. 9 | Federal agencies submit their initial budgets to the Office of Management and Budget for fiscal year 2015. Final budgets will be submitted to Congress on Feb. 3. |
| Sept. 9-13 | International Atomic Energy Agency board of governors meeting. Vienna. |
| Sept. 11 | 12th anniversary of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. |
| Sept. 13 | Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani meet on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit. Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. |
| Sept. 13 | Conference on Disarmament third and final session for 2013 ends. Geneva. |
| Sept. 13 | Yom Kippur begins at sundown. Through Sept. 14. |
| Sept. 13-16 | House of Representatives Yom Kippur recess. |
| Sept. 16-20 | International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) general conference. Vienna. Webcast on the IAEA website. |
| Sept. 17 | 11:20 a.m.-12.50 p.m., U.K. Liberal Democrats conference, debate and vote on amotion to disarm Trident nuclear missile submarines while on patrol. Glasgow, Scotland. |
| Sept. 18 | 8:00-9:00 a.m., Keith Payne, National Institute for Public Policy, "'Minimum Deterrence' and American Security Policy." Part of the Peter Huessy Congressional Breakfast Series. Capitol Hill Club, 300 First St., SE, Washington. RSVP to Peter Huessy by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it." title="Peter Huessy">email. |
| Sept. 18 | 8:45 a.m.-4:30 p.m., Naval Postgraduate School, "Nuclear Weapons and Strategic Stability." At the U.S. Institute of Peace, Carlucci Auditorium, 2301 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington. RSVP online. |
| Sept. 18 | 3:30-5:00 p.m., "The Nuclear Security Summit 2014 in The Hague." The Hague, Netherlands. |
| Sept. 21 | International Day of Peace. |
| Sept. 21-29 | House of Representatives recess. |
| Sept. 23 | Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh meets with President Obama (date is an estimate). White House, Washington. |
| Sept. 23 | Transform Now Plowshares sentencing hearing for charges of interfering with or obstructing the national defense and depredation of government property at the Y-12 nuclear weapons plant at Oak Ridge, TN. U.S. District Court for Eastern Tennessee, U.S. Courthouse, 800 Market St., Suite 130, Knoxville, TN. |
| Sept. 23-27 | Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, "Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Short Course." Vienna. Apply by Aug. 7 by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it." title="VCDNP email">email. |
| Sept. 24 | ~10:00 a.m., President Obama addresses the U.N. General Assembly (estimate). United Nations. Broadcast on CNN, webcast on the U.N. website and may be webcast on the White House website. |
| Sept. 24 | 50th anniversary of Senate ratification of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, which ended aboveground nuclear testing, by a vote of 80 to 19. |
| Sept. 25 or 26 | Iranian President Hassan Rouhani addresses the U.N. General Assembly (possible). United Nations. Webcast on the United Nations website and IranianPress TV. |
| Sept. 26 | 9:00 a.m.-1:00 p.m. and 3:00-6:00 p.m., U.N. General Assembly, High-level Meeting on Nuclear Disarmament. United Nations. Webcast on the United Nations website. |
| Sept. 27 | Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (Article XIV Conference). United Nations. Portions webcast on the United Nations website. |
| Sept. 28-Oct. 1 | J Street national conference. Washington Convention Center, 801 Mount Vernon Place, NW, Washington. |
| Sept. 29-Oct. 1 | Women's Action for New Directions and Women Legislators' Lobby conference and lobby day. Liaison Capitol Hill Hotel, 415 New Jersey Ave., NW, Washington. |
| Sept. 30 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on each nuclear weapon system undergoing life extension, known as Selected Acquisition Reports (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3162). |
| Sept. 30-Oct. 1 | International Institute for Strategic Studies and EU Non-proliferation Consortium, "EU Non-proliferation and Disarmament Conference." Brussels. |
| Sept. | Catherine Ashton, European Union's foreign policy chief, and Javad Zarif, Iranian Foreign Minister, resume negotiations on Iran's nuclear program (possible). City TBA. |
| Sept. | Senate floor action on the defense appropriations bill (possible). Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN2. |
| Sept. | House and Senate floor action on a short-term Continuing Resolution for fiscal year 2014. Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN and C-SPAN2. |
| Sept. | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the record of decision for theSurplus Plutonium Disposition Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC. |
| Sept. | Russian navy test fires the Bulava ballistic missile from the submarine Alexander Nevsky (tentative). |
| Sept. or Oct. | House of Representatives floor action (on the suspension calendar) of a bill to authorize the extension of the Agreement for Cooperation between the United States and South Korea on the Civil Uses of Nuclear Energy, through March 19, 2016, H.R. 2449 (estimate). Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN. |
| Sept. or Oct. | Senate Armed Services Committee, hearing on nomination of Lt. Gen. Frank Klotz(retired) to be Administrator for the National Nuclear Security Administration. Room TBA, Senate Office Building, Washington. Webcast on the committee website. |
| Sept. or Oct. | Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, hearing on the nomination of Beth Robinson to be Undersecretary of Energy (estimate). 366 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington. Webcast on the committee website. |
| Sept. or Oct. | Senate Foreign Relations Committee, hearing(s) on the nominations of Rose Gottemoeller to be Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, Frank Rose to be Assistant Secretary of State for Verification and Compliance, and Adam Scheinman to be Special Representative for Nuclear Nonproliferation (estimates). 419 Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington. Webcast on the committee website. |
| Sept. or Oct. | India test launches its new Agni V intermediate-range ballistic missile (estimate). Integrated Test Range, Wheeler Island, Orissa, India. |
| Oct. 1 | Federal budget year begins. |
| Oct. 2-4 | Dutch Foreign Ministry, preparatory meeting for the third Nuclear Security Summit(to be held in The Hague, Netherlands, March 24-25). Ottawa, Canada. |
| Oct. 2-4 | Holy See, conference on the 50th anniversary of the encyclical letter Pacem in Terris, which called for an end of the nuclear arms race. Rome. |
| Oct. 5-7 | President Obama attends the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders meeting. Bali, Indonesia. |
| Oct. 7 | 50th anniversary of President Kennedy's signing of the articles of ratification of theLimited Test Ban Treaty, which ended aboveground nuclear testing. White House, Washington. |
| Oct. 7-Nov. 5 | U.N. General Assembly First Committee (Disarmament and International Security) meets. United Nations. |
| Oct. 10 | 50th anniversary of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, which ended aboveground nuclear testing, entering into force. |
| Oct. 11 | 11 a.m. Norwegian time (5:00 a.m. EDT), Nobel Peace Prize announced (estimate). Oslo, Norway. |
| Oct. 12-21 | House and Senate Columbus Day recess. (Senate recess ends Oct. 20.) |
| Oct. 14 | Columbus Day (federal holiday). |
| Oct. 15 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on the financial balances for each atomic energy defense program (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3143). |
| Oct. 16 | New Jersey special Senate election to replace the late Sen. Frank Lautenberg. |
| Oct. 18-19 | International Peace Bureau, "Nuclear Exits: Countries Foregoing the Nuclear Option." Paasitorni Congress Centre, Helsinki. Register by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it." title="Ilkka Taipale email">email. |
| Oct. 19 | Special election for the Louisiana 5th Congressional District to replace former Rep. Rodney Alexander. |
| Oct. 20 | 2:00 p.m., Pax Christi Vlaanderen and Coordination Nationale d’Action pour la Paix et la Démocratie, "Time to Go: Nuclear Weapons Out of Belgium." Jubilee Park, Brussels. |
| Oct. 22 | 8:00 a.m.-noon and 2:00-6:00 p.m., Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board,hearing and public meeting on the continued operation of aging defense nuclear facilities at the Y-12 National Security Complex. Knoxville Convention Center, 701 Henley St., Knoxville, TN. Webcast on the DNFSB website. |
| Oct. 24 | 6:00-7:30 p.m., Matt Fuhrmann, Texas A&M, "Nuclear Proliferation." Part of "Emerging Challenges to U.S. and Global Security." Baker Center, Toyota Auditorium, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1640 Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, TN. |
| Oct. 30 | National Day of Remembrance for Nuclear Weapons Program Workers. |
| Oct. 31-Nov. 11 | House of Representatives Veterans Day recess. (The Senate has not scheduled its recess yet.) |
| Oct. | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the draft Site-wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Sandia National Laboratories, CA and NM. |
| Oct. or Nov. | Senate floor action on the defense authorization bill, S. 1197, which includes the nuclear weapons and nuclear nonproliferation programs of the National Nuclear Security Administration (estimate). Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN2. |
| Oct. or Nov. | Senate floor action on the Manhattan Project National Historical Park Act, S. 507, as a stand-alone bill or as a floor amendment to the defense authorization bill,S. 1197 (estimate). Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN2. |
| Nov. 5 | U.S. Election Day, with gubernatorial elections in New Jersey and Virginia, mayoral elections in many cities, and special election for the Alabama 1st Congressional District to replace former Rep. Jo Bonner. |
| Nov. 11 | Veterans Day (federal holiday). |
| Nov. 14 | Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, "Communication Catastrophe." At the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Ave., NW, Washington. |
| Nov. 14-17 | Friends Committee on National Legislation (Quakers), lobby day (Nov. 14) andannual meeting (Nov. 14-17). Washington Plaza Hotel, 10 Thomas Circle, Washington. |
| Nov. 20 | 30th anniversary of the broadcast of The Day After, a TV movie that depicted a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. |
| Nov. 22-Dec. 1 | House of Representatives Thanksgiving recess. (The Senate has not scheduled its recess yet.) |
| Nov. 25-29 | International Atomic Energy Agency board of governors meeting. Vienna. |
| Nov. 27 | Hanukkah begins at sundown. Through Dec. 5. |
| Nov. 28 | Thanksgiving (holiday). |
| Dec. 1 | Yukiya Amano begins a second, four-year term as Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna. |
| Dec. 2 | Office of Management and Budget returns amended budget requests to federal agencies for fiscal year 2015, known as budget passbacks (estimate). Final budgets will be submitted to Congress on Feb. 3. |
| Dec. 2-6 | Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons annual meeting. The Hague, Netherlands. |
| Dec. 8 | 60th anniversary of President Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" speech to the United Nations. |
| Dec. 9-13 | Biological Weapons Convention annual meeting. Geneva. |
| Dec. 10 | Special election for the Massachusetts 5th Congressional District to replace former Rep. and now Sen. Ed Markey. |
| Dec. 13 | House of Representatives target adjournment. |
| Dec. 17 | 75th anniversary of the discovery of nuclear fission by Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman. Berlin. |
| Dec. 22 | Third anniversary of Senate ratification of the New START Treaty on a vote of 71 to 26. The treaty reduced the number of deployed strategic nuclear weapons by the United States and Russia from 2,200 to 1,550 each. |
| Dec. 25 | Christmas (holiday). |
| Dec. 31 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on each nuclear weapon system undergoing life extension, known as Selected Acquisition Reports (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3162). |
| Dec. | U.S.-Russian "Megatons to Megawatts" agreement, managed by USEC, expires. |
| TBA | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement on the Production of Tritium in a Commercial Light Water Reactor. |
| TBA | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the final Surplus Plutonium Disposition Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC. |
| TBA | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the record of decision for the site-wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Nevada National Security Site. |
| TBA | Conference on a Middle East Zone Free of Weapons of Mass Destruction(possible). Helsinki. |
| 2014 | |
| Jan. 1 | New Year's Day (holiday). |
| Jan. 2 | Congressional Budget Office reports to Congress on the 10-year cost of maintaining U.S. nuclear weapons and delivery systems (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 1041) |
| Jan. 2 | U.S. Strategic Command reports to Congress on the underground tunnel network in China with respect to the capability of the United States to use conventional and nuclear forces to neutralize such tunnels and what is stored within such tunnels (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 1045) |
| Jan. 7 | Congress convenes (estimate). |
| Jan. 14 | 20th anniversary of the Trilateral Agreement between Ukraine, Russia and United States under which Ukraine agreed to transfer all former Soviet strategic nuclear warheads to Russia for dismantlement. |
| Jan. 14 | 20th anniversary of the announcement by President Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin that by the end of May 1993, no country would be targeted by missiles of the United States or Russia. |
| Jan. 15 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on the financial balances for each atomic energy defense program (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3143). |
| Jan. 20 | Martin Luther King Jr. Day (federal holiday). |
| Jan. 20 | Conference on Disarmament first session for 2014 begins (estimate). Through March 28. Geneva. |
| Jan. 27 | National Downwinders Day. |
| Jan. 30 | Defense Department submits to Congress an annual report on the threat posed to the United States by weapons of mass destruction, ballistic missiles and cruise missiles (50 U.S. Code Sec. 2367). |
| Late Jan. or early Feb. | 9:00 p.m., President Obama gives the State of the Union address to a joint session of Congress. Capitol Building, Washington. Broadcast and webcast on C-SPAN, broadcast on other networks and webcast on the White House website. |
| Feb. 1 | Congressional Advisory Panel on the Governance of the Nuclear Security Enterprise submits its final report to Congress (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3166). |
| Feb. 3 | ~11:00 a.m., Office of Management and Budget releases the annual federal budget. Posted on the Office of Management and Budget website. |
| Feb. 3 | ~1:30 p.m., Energy Secretary Ernie Moniz presents the Energy Department's annual budget. Energy Department, Large Auditorium, 1000 Independence Ave., SW, Washington. RSVP required. Budget posted on the Energy Department website. |
| Feb. 3 | Defense Department submits the Quadrennial Defense Review to Congress (10 U.S. Code Sec. 118). |
| Feb. 7-24 | Winter Olympics, Sochi, Russia. [While not a "nuclear" event, the Sochi Olympics will have an impact on the U.S.-Russian relations.] |
| Feb. 14 | Mexican Foreign Ministry, international conference on the Humanitarian Consequences of Nuclear Weapons. City TBA, Mexico. |
| Feb. 15 | Defense Department's Director of Operational Test and Evaluation submits to Congress an annual report on the effectiveness of the ballistic missile defense system (10 U.S. Code Sec. 2431 note). |
| Feb. 15 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress an annual report on the mixed oxide (MOX) plant at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC (50 U.S. Code Sec. 2566). |
| Feb. 15-23 | House and Senate Presidents Day recess (estimate). |
| Feb. 17 | Presidents Day (federal holiday). |
| March 1 | Defense Department submits to Congress an annual report on the nuclear weapons stockpile of the United States (50 U.S. Code, Sec. 2523b). |
| March 1 | Defense Department submits to Congress an annual report on the military and security developments involving China (10 U.S. Code Sec. 113 note). Previous reports are posted on the Defense Department website. |
| March 1 | Defense Department, with the National Nuclear Security Administration, submits to Congress a biennial report on the nuclear triad (10 U.S. Code Sec. 113 note). |
| March 1 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress an annual report on the budget, objectives and metrics of the nuclear nonproliferation programs (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3145). |
| March 2-4 | American Israel Public Affairs Committee, annual policy conference. Washington Convention Center, 801 Mount Vernon Place, NW, Washington. |
| March 3-7 | International Atomic Energy Agency board of governors meeting. Vienna. |
| March 15 | Defense Department provides Congress an annual briefing on nuclear weapons employment strategy, plans and options of the United States (10 U.S. Code Sec. 491). |
| March 15 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a biannual summary of the plan for stewardship, management and certification of warheads in the nuclear weapons stockpile (50 U.S. Code Sec. 2523). |
| March 21-24 | Ecumenical Advocacy Days. DoubleTree Hotel, 300 Army Navy Dr., Arlington, VA. |
| March 22-25 | Friends Committee on National Legislation (Quakers), spring lobby weekend. Washington. |
| March 24-25 | President Obama attends the third Nuclear Security Summit. The Hague, Netherlands. |
| March 28 | Conference on Disarmament first session for 2014 ends (estimate). Geneva. |
| March 28 | 35th anniversary of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident. |
| March 31 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on each nuclear weapon system undergoing life extension, known as Selected Acquisition Reports (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3162). |
| March 31 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress an annual report on its plutonium "pit" production plan (Senate Report 108-105, p. 110). |
| March | Missile Defense Agency tests a more modern Ground-based Interceptor missile, called the CE-2, from Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA, against an intermediate-range ballistic missile target launched from Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands, Central Pacific Ocean. |
| Week of March 31 or April 7 | Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament Initiative (Australia, Canada, Chile, Germany, Holland, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Turkey and United Arab Emirates) foreign ministers meeting. Hiroshima, Japan. |
| April 5 | Fifth anniversary of President Obama's Prague speech on nuclear weapons. |
| April 8 | Fourth anniversary of the signing of the New START nuclear arms reduction treaty by President Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. Prague. The treaty reduced the number of deployed strategic nuclear weapons by the United States and Russia from 2,200 to 1,550 each. |
| April 12 | Director of National Intelligence submits to Congress an annual report on Iran's capability to produce nuclear weapons (50 U.S. Code Sec. 2367 note). |
| April 14 | Passover begins at sundown. Through April 22. |
| April 15 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on the financial balances for each atomic energy defense program (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3143). |
| April 15 | State Department submits to Congress an annual report on arms control compliance (22 U.S. Code Sec. 2593a). Previous reports are posted on the State Department website. |
| April 18 | Good Friday |
| April 20 | Easter. |
| April 28-May 9 | Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty preparatory committee meeting for the 2015 review conference. United Nations. |
| May 26 | Memorial Day (holiday). |
| May 26 | 10th anniversary of the National Nuclear Security Administration's Global Threat Reduction Initiative, a program to secure nuclear bomb grade material around the world. |
| May | National Nuclear Security Administration issues the final Site-wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Sandia National Laboratories, CA and NM. |
| June 2-5 | International Atomic Energy Agency board of governors meeting. Vienna. |
| June 4–5 | President Obama attends the G-8 summit. Sochi, Russia. |
| June 6 | 25th anniversary of the FBI raid on the Rocky Flats Plant, a former nuclear weapons plant near Boulder, CO, for environmental violations. |
| June 28 | Ramadan begins at sundown. Through July 28. |
| June 30 | National Nuclear Security Administration submits to Congress a quarterly report on each nuclear weapon system undergoing life extension, known as Selected Acquisition Reports (Public Law 112-239, Sec. 3162). |
| June or July | India test launches the Agni VI intercontinental ballistic missile (estimate). Integrated Test Range, Wheeler Island, Orissa, India. |
| July 4 | Independence Day (holiday). |
| July 16 | Anniversary of "Trinity," the first nuclear test. Alamogordo, NM. |
| July | National Nuclear Security Administration issues a record of decision for the Site-wide Environmental Impact Statement for the Sandia National Laboratories, CA and NM. |
| Aug. 2 | 75th anniversary of President Franklin Roosevelt receiving the "Einstein–Szilárd Letter," warning about the prospect of an atomic bomb. |
| Aug. 6 | 8:16 a.m., anniversary of the Hiroshima atomic bombing. |
| Aug. 9 | 11:02 a.m., anniversary of the Nagasaki atomic bombing. |
| Aug. 29 | International Day Against Nuclear Tests. |
An email version of the Nuclear Calendar is published every Monday morning when Congress is in session. Subscribe on FCNL's website.
The editor is This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.">David Culp. The publication is made possible by generous contributions from the Lippincott Foundation, the Nuclear Threat Initiative, the Ploughshares Fund, and anonymous foundation, and the individual contributors and supporters of the Friends Committee on National Legislation and the FCNL Education Fund.
